- Industry: Art history
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Fondata a Londra nel 1886 come società espositrici di artisti influenzati da impressionismo e il cui lavoro è stato rifiutato dal conservatore Royal Academy. Chiavi fra i primi membri erano Whistler (anche se presto si dimise) Sickert e governare. Altri nel primo mostrano incluso Clausen, Stanhope Forbes e Sargent. Inizialmente avant-garde il NEAC rapidamente divenne sempre più conservatore e Sickert e Steer formarono un nucleo' impressionista' all'interno di esso, in scena il proprio show impressionisti a Londra nel 1889. NEAC rimase importante come vetrina per l'arte avanzata fino al 1911, quando sfidò il Camden Town Group e il gruppo di Londra e ha continuato ad essere influente nel 1920 con artisti quali John Augustus e Stanley Spencer espositrici. Esso esiste ancora, ora conservando la tradizione impressionista.
Industry:Art history
Nuova generazione era il titolo utilizzato per una serie di mostre di pittura e scultura di artisti britannici giovani tenuti presso la Whitechapel Gallery di Londra negli anni sessanta. Lo spettacolo del 1965 è stato dedicato alla scultura e portato all'attenzione del grande pubblico il lavoro di Phillip King, insieme a David Annesley, Michael Bolus, Tim Scott, William Tucker e Isaac Witkin. Tutti questi artisti erano stati insegnati da Anthony Caro alla St Martins School of Art di Londra e sono a volte indicati come scuola di Caro, così come gli scultori della nuova generazione. Nel 1960 Caro aveva sviluppato una forma completamente nuova di scultura astratta utilizzando tubi, lamiere e travi in acciaio, saldati e imbullonati tra loro e dipinte in colori vivaci industriali. Re e gli altri presto ha sviluppato il proprio lavoro, esplorando un vocabolario di base della forma scultorea e inoltre utilizzando materiali come teli di plastica e vetroresina. Nuova generazione scultura divenne un importante fenomeno di arte britannica negli anni sessanta.
Industry:Art history
Flourished in Britain 1870s, 1880s. Important equally in fine and applied arts. Critic Walter Hamilton published book The Aesthetic Movement in England 1882. Cult of pure beauty in art and design. Rallying cry 'art for art's sake', meaning art foregrounding the purely visual and sensual, free of practical, moral or narrative considerations. In painting exemplified by Whistler and Albert Moore and certain works by Leighton. Important influence of Japan especially on Whistler and Aesthetic design. In applied arts part of revolution in design initiated by William Morris with foundation of Morris &Co in 1862. From 1875 commercialised by Liberty store in London, which later also popularised Art Nouveau.
Industry:Art history
The airbrush was invented in the late nineteenth century, but it was not until the mid twentieth century that it became a popular tool in painting. It is a small, hand-held instrument connected to a canister of compressed air that sprays paint in a controlled way. Pioneers of airbrushing were the graphic illustrators George Petty and Alberto Vargas (or Varga) in the 1930s and 1940s. Later, Pop artist James Rosenquist used it to evoke the qualities of advertising. In Britain, the artist Barrie Cook became one of the leading practioners to use airbrushing. Today, it is the sci-fi artist H. K. Giger who is most commonly associated with the medium. There is also an airbrushing computer program, invented in the early 1980s, which creates a similar effect in a digital format.
Industry:Art history
A fine-grained marble-like variety of gypsum, alabaster is a soft stone often white or translucent.
Industry:Art history
This term seems to have come into use in the 1940s to describe the artists of the intensely creative and innovative New York art scene that was giving birth to the radical and world conquering new style of painting that in the early 1950s became known as Abstract Expressionism. The two terms are effectively interchangeable, that is the artists of the New York School are the Abstract Expressionists. New York School has echoes of School of Paris and may also be seen to reflect the notion that after the Second World War, New York took over from Paris as the world centre for innovation in modern art.
Industry:Art history
In seguito all'estensione della Great Western Railway a in1877 West Cornwall Cornish pesca città di St Ives e Newlyn entrambi iniziarono ad attirare artisti, attratti dalla bellezza del paesaggio, qualità della luce, la semplicità della vita e il dramma del mare. . Gli artisti noti come la scuola di Newlyn erano guidati da Stanhope Forbes e Frank Bramley che vi si stabilirono nel 1880s iniziale. Newlyn pittura combinato l'impressionismo deriva la dottrina del lavoro direttamente dal soggetto ed eventualmente all'aria aperta (plein-airism), con soggetto tratto da vita rurale, in particolare la vita dei pescatori. La salute su Forbes della sposa e A Dawn di Bramley senza speranza sono capolavori di Newlyn quintessenziale.
Industry:Art history
The Russian Constructivist painters Wassily Kandinsky and Kasimir Malevich and the sculptor Naum Gabo were pioneers of Non-objective art. It defines a type of abstract art that is usually, but not always, geometric and was inspired by the Greek philosopher Plato who believed that geometry was the highest form of beauty. Non-objective art may attempt to visualise the spiritual, and can be seen as carrying a moral dimension, standing for virtues like purity and simplicity. In the 1960s a group of American artists, including Sol LeWitt and Donald Judd, embraced the philosophy of Non-objective art. By creating highly simplified geometric art out of industrial materials they elevated these to an aesthetic level. Their work became known as Minimal art.
Industry:Art history
Major regional school of landscape painting formally dating from 1803 when, at his house in Norwich, John Crome and others formed the Norwich Society, initially as a self-help discussion group for 'an Enquiry into the Rise, Progress and present state of painting—with a view to point out the best methods of study to attain to Greater Perfection. ' In 1805 it became an exhibiting society and was joined by its other leading figure John Sell Cotman. Paintings were in a low-key realist manner inspired by Norfolk landscape and the life of the Norfolk Broads and rivers. Other members of the School included the sons of Crome and Cotman, Stannard, Stark and Vincent. Best seen in the large collection at Norwich Castle Museum.
Industry:Art history
French movement (meaning new realism) founded in 1960 by the critic Pierre Restany. It was the focus for developments which can be seen as the European counterpart to Pop art. As well as painting, Nouveau Réalistes made extensive use of collage and assemblage, using real objects incorporated directly into the work and acknowledging a debt to the readymades of Marcel Duchamp. The leading exponents of this aspect were Arman, César, Christo, Tinguely and Daniel Spoerri. Raymond Hains, Mimmo Rotella, Jacques Mahé de la Villeglé and Wolf Vostell developed the décollage, or torn poster technique, making striking works from accumulated layers of posters they removed from advertising hoardings. Among the painters were Valerio Adami, Alain Jacquet, Martial Raysse (who also made notable installations) and the German, Gerhard Richter, who named his work Capitalist Realism. One of the most significant artists associated with Nouveau Réalisme was Yves Klein who died prematurely in 1962. He was enormously inventive in his short career, staging Happenings and carrying out early examples of Performance art using his own body, and anticipating Conceptual art as well as making remarkable paintings.
Industry:Art history
