- Industry: Art history
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A literal translation of the French word 'atelier' is studio or workshop. The individual artist's studio was also a place where the teaching of young artists took place but this function was gradually supplanted by the rise of the Academy. At the beginning of the twentieth century, some ateliers developed into places of communal production, particularly in Germany, where there emerged a desire to unify art with industrial production. In 1919 Walter Gropius founded the Bauhaus in an attempt to marry the arts with the technology of the mechanical age. Atelier often denotes a group of artists, designers or architects working collectively. Atelier 5 is a Swiss architectural firm founded in 1955 and inspired by the visions of Le Corbusier; the Rotterdam-based Atelier Van Lieshout, founded by Joep van Lieshout is a group of artists who devise alternative modes of living and working.
Industry:Art history
Art made by assembling disparate elements often scavenged by the artist, sometimes bought specially. The practice goes back to Picasso's Cubist constructions, the three dimensional works he began to make from 1912. An early example is his Still Life 1914 which is made from scraps of wood and a length of tablecloth fringing, glued together and painted. Picasso himself remained an intermittent practitioner of assemblage. It was the basis of Surrealist objects, became widespread in the 1950s and 1960s and continues to be extensively used e. G. By the YBAs.
Industry:Art history
Movement in design emerging from Pre-Raphaelite circle and initiated by William Morris in 1861 when he founded design firm Morris and Co in London. He recruited Rossetti, Madox Brown and Burne-Jones as artist-designers and key principle was to raise design to level of art. Also to make good design available to widest possible audience. Seen as leading to modern design e. G. By Pevsner in book Pioneers of Modern Design: William Morris to Walter Gropius first published 1936. Morris emphasised simple functional design without the excess ornament and imitation of past typical of Victorian styles. Wallpapers or fabrics were based on natural motifs particularly plant forms treated as flat pattern. Key influence on Aesthetic Movement and Art Nouveau as well as later modern design.
Industry:Art history
An exhibiting society founded in London in 1933 and active until 1971. It was principally a left-of-centre political organisation and it embraced all styles of art both modernist and traditional. Its aim was the 'Unity of Artists for Peace, Democracy and Cultural Development'. It held a series of large group exhibitions on political and social themes beginning in 1935 with the exhibition Artists Against Fascism and War. The AIA supported the left-wing Republican side in the Spanish Civil War (1936-9) through exhibitions and other fund-raising activities. It tried to promote wider access to art through travelling exhibitions and public mural paintings. In 1940 it published a series of art lithographs titled Everyman Prints in large and therefore cheap editions.
Industry:Art history
創建于 1966 年由 Barbara Steveni 和她的丈夫約翰 · 萊瑟姆的組織。其目的是在政府、 商業和工業組織中放置的演出者。APG 中演出者是沒有充分利用社會人力資源的想法出現了。演出者是隔離的市民由庫系統，和在藝術世界的猶太遮罩來自世俗的現實產業商務和政府。這個主意是演出者，由萊瑟姆，指定附帶的人會帶來完全替代方式的觀察和思考他們被安置在組織承擔。APG 會因此認識到演出者的局外人地位，變成它積極的社會優勢。在 1966 年 Steveni 和萊瑟姆加入由傑佛瑞 · 肖和巴里 · 弗拉納根，很快跟隨由斯圖爾特布裡斯利、 大衛 · 霍爾和伊恩 · 麥克唐納 Munro。之間作出的 APG 的安置工作是一個在 1975年-6 的萊瑟姆自己在愛丁堡的蘇格蘭辦公室。這導致了激進的建議為未來的巨大的工業破壞稱為賓氏，在該地區發現的提示。萊瑟姆建議保留它們作為藝術作品中，並標識與信標。APG 上演大型展覽在海沃德畫廊，倫敦，于 1971 年。它繼續直到 1989 年當它重新組建 O + I （組織和想像力）。
Industry:Art history
Arte Povera 介紹了義大利藝術評論家和策展人，Germano Celant，在 1967 年一詞。他開創性文本和一系列的關鍵展覽提供了若干年輕設在都靈、 米蘭、 熱那亞和羅馬的義大利演出者集體身份。Arte Povera 出現了從城市文化活動，在這些城市，作為義大利的經濟奇跡立即戰後歲月卻陷入混亂的經濟和政治不穩定的網路內。名稱直譯的貧窮藝術，但 word 窮人在這裡指的是該運動的簽名探索超越准珍貴傳統的油畫顏料在畫布上，或青銅、 或大理石雕刻的材料的範圍廣泛。Arte Povera 因此表示不是貧困的藝術，但藝術所作的限制，沒有任何理論依據被拒絕了支援完整的開放態度材料和工藝實驗室情況。領先的演出者被喬瓦尼塞爾，Alighiero Boetti，碼頭保羅 Calzolari，盧西亞諾 · Fabro、 皮耶羅 Gilardi、 Jannis Kounellis、 馬里奧 Merz、 瑪麗莎 Merz、 朱利奧 · Paolini、 皮諾 · 帕斯卡利、 朱塞佩 · Penone、 米開朗基羅 Pistoletto、 埃米利奧 · Prini 和吉爾貝托 · Zorio。運動的全盛時期後來從 1967年-1972 年，但其影響上藝術一直忍受著。也可以被視為義大利對概念藝術的貢獻。
Industry:Art history
提到工作曾經 d'Arte Nucleare，由義大利演出者恩裡科 Baj 塞爾吉奧 · Dangelo 和詹尼 · 貝爾蒂尼在米蘭 1951 年創立。詹尼 Dova 是稍後的成員。他們第一次在宣言是 1959 年發行下一年，另一個。名稱可能為核時代以來集團明確訂明，讓在這方面的藝術作為藝術翻譯過。其黨綱警告的危險的核技術的誤用。他們宣佈反對幾何抽象藝術，而是建議使用自動技術。他們是因而密切配合藝術品。在 1950 年代初 Baj 正在繪畫與蘑菇雲和破壞的景觀的建議。在他後來的繪畫、 拼貼作品他名稱 '重' 水給搪瓷漆和蒸餾水他用水乳液。這些工程包括一連串冷嘲熱諷的陸軍軍官的哪個火 ！火 ！是其中一個。幾個展覽，但運動出大約 1960 年逐漸平息。
Industry:Art history
Най-често срещаните примери на електронните медии са видео записи, аудио записи, слайд презентации, CD-ROM и онлайн съдържание. Терминът включва оборудването, използвано за създаване на тези записи или презентации; телевизия, радио, телефон, компютър. Голяма част от теорията, около използването на електронните медии от художници се основава на Валтер Бенямин семенните есе на 1936, произведение на изкуството в възраст на механично репродуциране, който обсъжда демократизацията на изкуството, освободен от своите предели като уникална структура благодарение на развитието на фотографска репродукция и форми като кино, където няма никакъв уникални оригинала.
Industry:Art history
Първата употреба на термина цифрови изкуството е в началото на 1980-те, когато компютърни инженери измислили боята програма, която е била използвана от пионерска цифрови изпълнител Харолд Коен. Това става известно като ААРОН, роботизирана машина, предназначена да направи големи рисунки на листове хартия, поставени на пода. От този ранен набег в изкуствен интелект Коен продължава да прецизира ААРОН програмата, тъй като технологията става по-сложни. Дигитално изкуство може да бъде компютър генерирани, сканирани или съставен с помощта на таблет и мишка. През 1990, благодарение на подобренията в цифровите технологии е възможно да изтеглите видео на компютри, което позволява творци да манипулират изображения, те са заснети с видеокамера. Това дава художници творческа свобода, никога не съм опитен преди с филм, което им позволява да изрежете и поставите в движещи се изображения за създаване на визуални колажи. В последно време някои цифрови изкуство е превърнал интерактивно, позволява на публиката определена сума на контрол над крайното изображение.
Industry:Art history
